is a form of neurostimulation used to treat pain affecting the back, arms, or legs. It involves placing electrodes next to the spinal cord and using electrical signals to block pain signals.
is a form of neurostimulation that uses low-voltage electrical current to block or weaken pain signals by placing electrodes next to peripheral nerves in the extremities.
delivery of an anesthetic drug intravenously to block the NMDA receptors to “reboot” pain receptors that are functioning abnormally in chronic pain syndromes. It is also used for depression.